ΑΝΑΛΥΣΗ ΗΛΕΚΤΡΙΚΗΣ ΕΓΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΣΗΣ ΜΟΝΑΔΑΣ ΒΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΟΥ ΚΑΘΑΡΙΣΜΟΥ

Abstract

This thesis deals with the design, analysis, and documentation of the electrical installations of an industrial plant, with emphasis on Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP). The object of this work is the systematic description of all the individual subsystems that constitute a modern industrial electrical installation, from the power supply and the medium voltage substation to the automation, lighting, backup power, and safety systems. In the first part of the thesis, the structure of a biological treatment plant is analyzed, and the individual stages of wastewater treatment are described, such as pretreatment, primary sedimentation, secondary biological treatment (with activated sludge, MBBR, SBR, and MBR technologies), tertiary treatment, and the sludge treatment line (Metcalf & Eddy, 2014). Subsequently, the thesis focuses on the electrical infrastructure of the plant. A detailed description of the power supply and distribution system is provided, including the medium voltage substation, power transformers, medium and low voltage switchgear, as well as the cabling and routing network. Particular emphasis is placed on compliance with the standard ELOT HD 384 (now harmonized with the ELOT 60364 series), which constitutes the main regulatory framework for low voltage electrical installations in Greece (ELOT, 2004). This is followed by an analysis of the extra-low voltage systems, where the architecture of automation systems (PLC, SCADA), industrial communication networks (Modbus, Profibus, Industrial Ethernet), and modern trends such as digital twins and AI at the Edge are described (Leitão et al., 2018). Backup power sources, namely generator sets (gensets) and Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) systems, as well as their role in ensuring the continuous operation of critical loads, are also examined (Chapman, 2012). Special mention is made of protection systems, including lightning protection, foundation grounding, and surge protection devices (SPDs), in accordance with the standards ELOT EN 62305 and ELOT HD 384 (ELOT, [IV] 2004; ELOT, n.d.). Furthermore, the design of industrial lighting is analyzed based on the EN 12464 and EN 1838 standards, emphasizing lighting levels, the Unified Glare Rating (UGR), the Color Rendering Index (CRI), and the energy efficiency of LED luminaires. The thesis concludes with the presentation of Building Management Systems (BMS) and energy management in industry, highlighting their contribution to reducing operational costs and the environmental footprint.